中国水利

在全球气候变化和数字化转型的双重背景下，传统大坝建设与管理面临诸多挑战，如传统设计数字化程度较低、模拟分析能力不足、数据碎片化严重等，建设阶段参建各方数字化水平参差不齐、协同平台缺失、数据留存与移交不规范等，运维阶段还要面对极端气候事件频发、大坝安全风险加剧、生态环境压力持续增大、水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐以及大坝逐步老化加大运维管理难度等问题。与此同时，智能大坝正逐渐成为坝工领域技术发展的新方向。通过智能化技术和管理手段，实现大坝设计、建设、运行全生命周期的数字化、网络化、智能化，可大幅度提升大坝安全高效建设运行水平，更好地应对复杂多变的环境挑战。分析了智能大坝建设要求，并从设计、建设、运行三个阶段探讨了智能大坝的实施路径和方法，对当前智能大坝建设在规划布局、主体责任落实、技术衔接等方面存在的不足进行提示，并提出相关对策建议，以期为推动智能大坝建设和技术发展提供理论和技术参考，促进水利水电行业高质量发展。

In the dual context of global climate change and digital transformation, traditional dam construction and management face many challenges, such as low digitalization of design, insufficient simulation and analysis capabilities, severe data fragmentation, uneven digitalization levels of all parties involved in the construction period, a lack of collaborative platforms, and non-standard data retention and transfer. During the operation and maintenance phase, there are frequent extreme weather events, intensified dam safety risks, growing pressure on ecological environment, acute contradiction between water resource supply and demand, and increasing difficulty in operation and maintenance management due to the gradual aging of dams. At the same time, smart dams are gradually becoming a new direction for technological development in the field of dam engineering. Through intelligent technology and management, the digitization, networking and intelligence through the whole life cycle of dam design, construction, and operation can be achieved, which can significantly improve the level of safe and efficient construction and operation of dams, and better respond to complex and changing environmental challenges. This study analyzes the construction requirements of smart dams, explores the implementation paths and methods through the three stages of design, construction and operation, points out the deficiencies in current smart dam construction in terms of planning and layout, all parties’ main responsibilities, and technical connection, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions. It is expected to provide theoretical and technical references for promoting the construction and technology of smart dams and boosting the high-quality development of water conservancy and hydropower.