中国水利

当前，我国水利现代化正处在夯基发力期，低空经济规模化也处于起步阶段。水利现代化亟须科技手段赋能，同时水利工程多位于偏远郊区、山区，空域条件良好、应用需求稳定，是落实国家低空经济发展战略、规模化拓展行业应用的首选领域和战略腹地。水利领域的低空应用目前多停留在设备采购与技术工具层面，存在顶层政策支撑不足、资金投入渠道单一、跨部门协同机制缺失等深层困境，导致水利难以从低空经济的应用场景方转变为战略引领方。借鉴新能源汽车产业的“示范-补贴-基建”政策演进逻辑，以及民航-农业领域的部际协同治理经验，通过模式迁移与场景适配，系统性构建水利低空应用的“政策牵引+制度协同”双轮驱动模式。在某大型水库实践双轮驱动模式，通过应用示范工程、运营补贴、基建投资等政策牵引驱动轮，以及建立联合机制、申报“白名单”空域、应急绿色通道、标准联合制定等制度协同驱动轮，从顶层设计上为“有钱建设”和“顺畅运行”提供了保障。本模式可为实现水利现代化与低空经济体系完善提供可操作的方案。

At present, China's water conservancy modernization is in a critical period of foundation consolidation and accelerated development, while the large-scale development of the low-altitude economy is still in its initial stage. Water conservancy modernization urgently needs to be empowered by scientific and technological means. Water conservancy projects are mostly located in remote suburbs and mountainous areas, where airspace conditions are favorable, and application demands are stable. This makes them a preferred domain and strategic hinterland for implementing the national low-altitude economy development strategy and expanding industry applications at scale. Current low-altitude applications in the water conservancy sector mostly remain at the level of equipment procurement and technical tools. There are deep-rooted challenges, such as insufficient top-level policy support, single-channel funding sources, and a lack of cross-sector coordination mechanisms, which hinder the sector from transitioning from a mere application scenario provider to a strategic leader in the low-altitude economy. This paper, by drawing on the “demonstration, subsidy, and infrastructure” policy evolution logic of the new energy vehicle industry, as well as the inter-ministerial collaborative governance experience from the civil aviation and agricultural sectors, systematically constructed a “policy guidance + institutional coordination” dual-wheel driving model for low-altitude applications in the water conservancy sector through model transfer and scenario adaptation. The mode has been practiced in a large reservoir. With policy guidance-driven wheels including application demonstration projects, operation subsidies, and infrastructure investment, as well as institutional coordination-driven wheels covering the establishment of joint mechanisms, application for white-list airspace, emergency green channels, and joint formulation of standards, it provided top-level design guarantee for sufficient construction funds and smooth operational execution. The proposed mode offers an operable scheme for the realization of water conservancy modernization and the improvement of the low-altitude economic system.