中国水利

智能大坝是新一代信息技术与传统水利工程深度融合的产物，其核心在于通过物联网、大数据、人工智能、数字孪生等技术，实现大坝全生命周期的数字化感知、智能化分析、精准化决策与协同化管理。我国作为全球大坝数量最多、规模最大的国家，推进智能大坝建设不仅是新形势下发展新质生产力、不断提升水库大坝现代化建设运行管理能力的迫切需求，也是保障国家水安全、能源安全、生态安全及行业现代化转型的重大战略举措。从我国水库大坝智能化建设的现状出发，深入剖析了推进智能大坝建设在体制机制、支撑技术、标准体系、人才储备等方面存在的瓶颈，提出推进智能大坝建设需要坚持系统思维，构建“顶层设计—技术突破—标准规范—人才支撑”的全链条推进路径，即：强化顶层设计，构建统筹协调机制；突破核心技术，构建自主创新体系；健全标准体系，规范行业发展；完善人才培养，夯实智力支撑。通过分阶段、有重点地突破瓶颈，实现智能大坝建设的统筹推进。

Smart dams emerge from the deep integration of new-generation information technology and traditional hydraulic engineering. Their core lies in achieving digital perception, intelligent analysis, precise decision-making, and collaborative management throughout the entire lifecycle of a dam by means of Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, and digital twins. China boasts the largest number and scale of dams in the world, and its smart dam construction is not only an urgent need to develop new quality productive forces and modernize operational management capabilities of reservoir dams under new circumstances, but also a strategic measure to ensure national water security, energy security, ecological security, and industrial modernization transformation. Based on the current situation of intelligent technology application in China, an in-depth analysis is conducted on the bottleneck issues in advancing smart dam construction in terms of institutional mechanisms, supporting technologies, standard systems, and talent reserve. It proposes boosting smart dam construction by adhering to systematic thinking and adopting a full-chain approach of “top-level design–technology breakthrough– standardization–talent backup” that includes top-level design and a coordinated mechanism; core technologies and an independent innovation system; standard system and industry development; and talent cultivation and intellectual support. By breaking through bottlenecks in a phased and focused manner, coordinated development of smart dams can be achieved.