中国水利

我国的地下水储备制度建设仍处于起步阶段。地下水储备是一个长周期、低频动态过程，建立地下水储备制度亟须解决一些关键技术问题。通过分析地下水储备维持、动用和恢复过程，提出双重缓冲概念，分别为缓冲水量和缓冲时间。缓冲水量反映地下水储备空间、缓冲空间组合体的地下水储存量与储备量之间关系，综合表示为水量缓冲系数；缓冲时间反映地下水储备动用期激发补给过程产生的供水保障时间延长效应，综合表示为时间缓冲系数。在解释概念的基础上，提出了评估缓冲系数的定量方法，包括理论公式、参数集和情景模拟技术。水量缓冲系数和时间缓冲系数在理论上均大于1，实际数值取决于水文地质条件和专用井开采地下水的方式。在以承压含水层为地下水储备空间的典型算例中，水量缓冲系数可达200以上，而时间缓冲系数可达20以上。缓冲效应对地下水储备动用期结束后的恢复过程也具有重要影响。关于储存量、储备量和缓冲系数等量化描述的可靠性、实用性，还需要更广泛深入的讨论和研究。

China's groundwater reserve system is still in its infancy. Groundwater reserve involves a longterm, low-frequency dynamic process. The development of the groundwater reserve system urgently requires addressing several key technical issues. Based on an investigation of the maintenance, utilization, and recovery processes of groundwater reserve, this study proposes two buffering concepts: buffer water volume and buffer time. The buffer water volume reflects the relationship between groundwater storage volume and reserve volume within the combined groundwater reserve and buffer spaces, which is represented by the water volume buffering coefficient. Buffer time reflects the extension of the guaranteed water-supply duration during the groundwater reserve utilization period due to induced recharge, and this effect is comprehensively represented by the time buffering coeffcient. On the basis of conceptual interpretation, quantitative methods for evaluating the buffering coeffcients are proposed, including theoretical formulas, parameter sets, and scenario simulation techniques. In theory, both the water volume and time buffering coeffcients are greater than 1. Their actual values depend on the hydrogeological conditions and the groundwater extraction method using dedicated wells. In typical examples in which confined aquifers are used as the groundwater reserve space, the water volume buffering coeffcient can exceed 200, while the time buffering coeffcient can exceed 20. The buffering effect also has an important impact on the recovery process of groundwater reserve after the utilization period. Further extensive and in-depth discussion and research are needed regarding the reliability and practicality of quantitative descriptions such as storage volume, reserve volume and buffering coeffcients.