中国水利

<正>中国的基本水情一直是夏汛冬枯、北缺南丰，水资源时空分布极不均衡，是世界上河流最多、水情最复杂、治水任务最繁重的国家。新中国成立后，面对异常艰巨的治水挑战，我国将因地制宜修建水库大坝作为兴水利、除水害的关键之举，充分发挥集中力量办大事的制度优势，建成了世界上规模最宏大的大坝工程体系。特别是进入新时代以来，习近平总书记站在实现中华民族永续发展的战略高度，准确把握国情水情，开创性提出“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路，对大坝建设运行管理提出了一系列新思想新观点新论断，引领中国大坝事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。

China’s basic water conditions have long been characterized by summer floods and winter droughts, with water scarcity in the north and abundance in the south. The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is highly uneven, making China the country with the largest number of rivers, the most complex hydrological patterns, and the heaviest water management challenges in the world. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, faced with exceptionally formidable water management challenges, China has built reservoirs and dams according to local conditions to develop water conservancy and mitigate water-related hazards. By fully leveraging the institutional strength of pooling all efforts to complete major missions, China has established the most extensive dam engineering system in the world. In particular, since entering the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping, from the strategic perspective of ensuring the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, has accurately assessed the country’s water realities and innovatively put forward the water governance philosophy of “prioritizing water conservation, balancing spatial distribution, adopting systematic approaches, and leveraging the roles of both government and market.” He has proposed a series of new ideas, perspectives, and insights concerning dam construction, operation, and management, driving historic achievements and historic changes in China’s dam construction.