中国水利

随着遥感技术发展及河湖生态环境保护与管理需求日益提升，为全面支撑河湖长制工作开展，需设计并应用符合实际业务需求的河湖监管系统。系统重点从天、地、水三个维度进行设计，构建集“天上看”“地上查”“水里测”于一体的河湖天地网监管系统，实现三个维度协同联动，以遥感技术为核心，整合遥感影像、视频监控画面、水质监测数据等多维多源信息，形成覆盖河湖全域的立体监管网络。其中，“天上看”依托卫星遥感技术实现河湖全域宏观动态监测，精准识别岸线变迁、疑似“四乱”等问题；“地上查”通过视频监控网络及可视化技术，支撑河湖环境常态化巡查管理和区域精细化核查等；“水里测”借助“水环境侦察兵”等，实时捕捉水环境核心指标，构建水环境关键信息监测捕捉网络，三者集合实现对河湖生态、岸线管控、水质安全等全要素的监测与管理。基于遥感技术的河湖天地网监管系统可为传统监管中的痛点问题提供有效解决方案，已在北京市河湖管理中落地应用，可为相关决策提供精准化、科学化的数据支撑，为河湖生态保护与可持续发展提供强有力的技术保障。

With the advancement of remote sensing technology and the increasing demands for ecological environment protection and management of rivers and lakes, it is necessary to design and apply a river and lake supervision system that meets practical business requirements to fully support the implementation of the river and lake chief system. The system is designed from three dimensions: air, ground, and water. It constructs a river and lake “air-ground-network” supervision system integrating “air observation”, “ground inspection”, and “water monitoring”, achieving synergistic coordination among the three dimensions. With remote sensing technology as the core, the system integrates multi-dimensional and multi-source information, including remote sensing images, video surveillance footage, and water quality monitoring data, forming a comprehensive threedimensional supervision network covering the entire river and lake areas. “Air observation” relies on satellite remote sensing technology to achieve macro-level dynamic monitoring of the entire river and lake areas, accurately identifying issues such as shoreline changes and suspected “four disorders”. “Ground inspection” utilizes video surveillance networks and visualization technologies to support routine patrol management of the river and lake environment and refined regional verification. “Water monitoring” employs equipment such as “water quality sentinels” to capture core indicators of the water environment in real time, constructing a key information monitoring and capture network for the water environment. The integration of these three components enables the monitoring and management of all elements, including river and lake ecology, shoreline control, and water quality safety. The remote sensing-based river and lake air-ground-network supervision system can provide effective solutions to pain-point problems in traditional supervision. It has been implemented in Beijing's river and lake management, providing precise and scientific data support for relevant decision-making and offering strong technical support for river and lake ecological protection and sustainable development.