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以黑翅土白蚁、黄翅大白蚁、海南土白蚁为代表的土栖白蚁是水利工程堤坝最主要的生物隐患。土栖白蚁历经亿年演化形成的真社会性结构、超强繁殖力与极致隐蔽性，使其在侵入堤坝后能构筑庞大的地下巢群与蚁道网络，严重破坏土体结构，诱发渗漏、管涌，直接威胁工程安全。传统防治手段因发现滞后、根除困难、环境风险高、易复发等问题，难以应对土栖白蚁隐蔽性危害的核心痛点。本文系统揭示了土栖白蚁的核心生物学特性与危害机理，并针对上述痛点研发了水利工程智能白蚁监测系统。该系统通过专用复合饵料（有效引诱半径达7.5 m以上、取食率100%）、多传感器融合与AI智能识别（识别率高于99.95%、误报率低于1.5%）等关键技术，实现了对白蚁活动的早期监测、精准识别与实时报警。应用表明，该系统能够显著降低蚁害复发率与工程修复成本。未来水利工程白蚁防治应朝着智能化、绿色化、一体化的方向持续推进。
Abstract：Subterranean termites, represented by Odontotermes formosanus, Macrotermes barneyi, and Odontotermes hainanensis, constitute the primary biological hazard to embankment dams in water projects. Through hundreds of millions of years of evolution, their eusocial structure, extraordinary reproductive capacity, and extreme concealment enable them to build extensive underground nest colonies and tunnel networks after invading embankment dams, severely damaging soil structures, inducing seepage and piping, and directly threatening engineering safety. Restricted by delayed detection, difficult eradication, high environmental risks, and frequent recurrence, traditional prevention and control methods fail to address the concealed damage posed by the subterranean termites. This paper systematically elaborated on the core biological characteristics and damage mechanisms of subterranean termites, with a focus on introducing the intelligent subterranean termite monitoring system for water projects developed to tackle the aforementioned bottlenecks. Supported by key technologies including specially formulated composite baits with an effective attraction radius of over 7.5 meters and a 100% feeding rate, multi-sensor fusion, and AI intelligent recognition boasting an identification accuracy above 99.95% and a false alarm rate below 1.5%, the system realized early monitoring, accurate identification, and real-time alarming of termite activities. Application results show that this system can significantly reduce the termite damage recurrence rate and engineering repair costs. In the future, termite prevention and control in water projects should continue to advance toward the goals of being intelligent, green and integrated.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TV698.236
引用信息:
[1]常跃,孙忠强,俞义泉,等.土栖白蚁危害机理与智能监测探讨[J].中国水利().
2026-06-04
2026-06-04
2026-06-04