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"海绵城市"是应对当前快速城镇化过程中严重的生态环境问题而提出的一种新思路。古代人类在长期水资源管理及与各种水灾害斗争过程中,积累了朴素的具有生态价值的经验,表现为城乡聚落选址、城市水资源管理、城市形态等方面的适应性景观,集中体现了海绵城市的思想,对城市景观设计具有重要的启示意义。本文介绍了近几十年国内外学术界对古代城市水适应性景观经验的探索,其中对中东地区、古希腊、古罗马、古玛雅文明等研究的成果最为丰富,引水、蓄水设施是大多数研究的关注重点。水适应性景观的内容和形式受降水、地形特点等因素影响。当前,传统城市水景观的研究已从传统的防洪、抗旱等单要素研究转向综合研究,探讨水景观的复杂结构和复合功能。随着现代水利技术的发展,古代城市水景观遗产正日渐破坏消失,面对危机四伏的水生态和水环境,如何借鉴古代城市水适应性景观经验,推进"海绵城市"建设理论和实践的完善和发展,是当代景观设计的重要课题。
Abstract:"Sponge city" is regarded as a new approach to deal with serious ecological and environmental problems under the process of fast urbanization at present. In ancient times, we have accumulated valuable experiences of building adaptive landscapes in the process of water resources management over a long period of time and fighting against various water disasters, such as selection of site of settlement, water resources management in cities and formation of cities. This approach has reflected the thought of "sponge city" that has great significance to the design of city landscape. Research and studies on adaptive landscape in ancient cities by academic field both home and abroad in recent decades are introduced, among which the study results from the Middle East, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and ancient mayan civilization are plenty and most of the studies focus on water diversion and storage works. The contents and type of adaptive landscape are affected by precipitation and landscape characters. The key areas of current studies have transformed from single factors such as flood control or drought relief into comprehensive research including examining complex structure and complicated functions of water landscape. Along with development of modern technology, how to improve theories of "sponge city" construction and practice has become a key subject for modern landscape design, facing the increasingly degradation of water environment and ecosystem and the fact of heritages of water landscape in ancient cities have been damaged and disappeared with each passing day.
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[2]吴俊范.1900—1949年间上海水乡景观蜕变的复原与分析[J].中国历史地理论丛,2010(1).
[3]俞孔坚,陈义勇.国外传统农业水适应经验及水适应景观[J].中国水利,2014(3).
基本信息:
DOI:
中图分类号:TU992;TV213.9
引用信息:
[1]陈义勇,俞孔坚.古代“海绵城市”思想——水适应性景观经验启示[J].中国水利,2015,No.779(17):19-22.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(51078004)