中国水利

城市洪涝灾害防控是国家防洪安全的重大需求，也是保障国家水安全战略的重要基础。新时期城市洪涝灾害防控面临诸多挑战，全球气候变化和快速城镇化背景下，极端天气事件呈现趋多、趋频、趋强、趋广态势，城市暴雨洪涝灾害突发性、极端性、反常性日益明显，成为影响我国城市公共安全和高质量发展的主要瓶颈。从新时期中国式现代化建设对我国城市洪涝灾害防控的新要求、新型城镇化战略带来的新任务以及全球气候变化引发的新挑战等视角出发，深刻剖析了我国城市洪涝主要成因，其中自然禀赋决定了我国城市洪涝基本格局，极端天气事件频发是城市洪涝灾害多发重发的主要诱因，而快速城市化发展成为城市洪涝的重要推手。基于上述挑战，提出复杂条件下城市洪涝风险防控与综合应对策略，包括更新防控理念、系统化推进海绵城市建设、加强城市排水除涝和防洪工程体系建设；科学规划、合理利用地面和地下空间，加强重要基础设施防护；加快构建国家水网，加强监测和预报预警，强化雨水情监测预报“三道防线”，提高防灾减灾能力；加强城市洪涝风险评价，制定风险防御方案，完善联防联控机制，提升城市应急减灾管理水平，以期为城市防灾减灾体系建设、维护城市公共安全和保障城市高质量发展提供参考。

Urban flood disaster prevention and control is not only a major requirement for national flood security but also an essential foundation of the national water security strategy. In the new era, it faces multiple challenges. Against the backdrop of global climate change and rapid urbanization, extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency, intensity, and spatial extent. Urban floods caused by heavy rainfall are becoming more sudden, extreme, and abnormal, posing a key bottleneck for urban public safety and high-quality development in China. This paper explores the new requirements for urban flood control under the Chinese path to modernization, the new tasks arising from the new urbanization strategy, and the new challenges driven by climate change. It provides an in-depth analysis of the main causes of urban flooding in China: natural conditions shape the basic flooding pattern, frequent extreme weather is the primary trigger of recurrent and severe floods, and rapid urbanization is a major driver exacerbating risks. In response, comprehensive prevention and control strategies are proposed for managing flood risks under complex conditions, which include: updating prevention and control concepts, systematically advancing sponge city construction, and strengthening urban drainage and flood engineering systems; adopting scientific planning and rational use of aboveground and underground space, and enhancing the protection of critical infrastructure; accelerating the construction of the national water network, improving monitoring and early warning with a reinforced “three lines of defense” system for rainfall, water, and flood forecasting, and enhancing disaster prevention and mitigation capacity; advancing urban flood risk assessment, formulating targeted defense plans, improving joint prevention and control mechanisms, and strengthening emergency disaster management. These strategies aim to support the building of resilient urban disaster prevention and mitigation systems, safeguard public safety, and ensure high-quality development in China's cities.