中国水利

历经20余年不断探索创新，生态清洁小流域已形成较为完善的理论基础、建设模式、措施体系和工作机制，很好地回答了生态清洁小流域“是什么”“如何建”“怎么样”等关键问题。由于每个小流域自然禀赋条件和经济社会发展水平不同，不是所有小流域都需要建设为生态清洁小流域，也不是所有小流域建设后都能达到生态清洁小流域标准，这就需要进一步回答“在哪建”的问题。基于此，对生态清洁小流域建设适宜区域划定进行深入探讨，认为小流域划分是工作基础，应尊重小流域自然禀赋条件，优先服务区域主体功能定位，治污洁水协同建设宜居宜业和美乡村，以水兴业助力乡村振兴，鼓励建设类型多元化。以问题和需求为导向，实现山青、水净、村美、民富为目标，全面收集小流域相关空间数据，提出“三步叠加法”，开展小流域建设适宜性评价，并选取湖北省宜昌市夷陵区三峡大坝库区左岸为试划定案例，证明方法与流程可行性。最后，提出了关于生态清洁小流域分步实施、统筹协同、数字化管理、建立认定机制和共建共享机制等建议。

After more than 20 years of continuous exploration and innovation, the ecological clean small watershed has formed a relatively perfect theoretical basis, construction mode, measure system and working mechanism. And answered the question of “what is the ecological clean small watershed?”“How to build ecological clean small watershed?” “How about ecological clean small watershed?” and other key issues. Due to the different natural endowment conditions and economic and social development levels of small watersheds,not all small watersheds need to be built into ecologically clean small watersheds, and not all small watersheds can meet the standards of ecologically clean small watersheds after construction, which requires further answers of “where to build?”. Based on years of work experience, this paper discusses the delineation of suitable areas for the construction of ecologically clean small watersheds. It is believed that the division of small watershed is the basis of work, respect the natural endowment conditions of small watershed, give priority to serving the main functional positioning of the region, and coordinate the construction of livable and beautiful villages for pollution control and clean water. Water industry helps rural revitalization and encourages the diversifcation of model types. Guided by problems and needs, with the goal of realizing green mountains, clean water, beautiful villages and people's wealth, this paper comprehensively collects relevant spatial data of small watersheds,and proposes a “ three-step superposition method” to carry out suitability evaluation of small watershed construction. The trial case shows that the method and process are feasible. Finally, some suggestions are put forward, such as step-by-step implementation, overall coordination, digital management, identity identifcation and co-construction and sharing mechanism of ecological clean small watershed.