中国水利

在各地积极开展实践探索基础上，水生态产品价值实现正转入具体政策工具的方案设计阶段，以进一步扩大试点示范规模，实现水利高质量发展。为放大“首单交易”效应、促进优质水生态产品持续供给，围绕具体方案设计，在完善水生态产品价值实现框架“水生态产品及价值—愿景与目标—政策工具—人类行为”的基础上，提出规制、权属交易、征收税费、补贴、消除市场摩擦、宣传教育等水生态产品价值实现路径。深入分析多元主体参与、定价机制、场景分类与产品开发、市场创建等关键问题，涉及倡导更大范围的合作与交流、引入资产评估方法、更新水生态产品开发的5项原则、完善激励约束机制刺激需求等。从完善法律法规、发挥水生态产品分配与再分配作用、激活市场主体与培育特色产业等方面提出对策建议，并结合政策演进、数字技术赋能等展望中远期发展，以“水动能”助推人类命运共同体建设。

The realization of the value of water ecosystem products and services is transitioning into the design phase of specific policy instruments, with the aim to further expand pilot demonstration scales and achieve highquality development in water conservancy. To amplify the “first transaction” effect and promote the sustained supply of high-quality water ecosystem products and services, focus is placed on concrete scheme design.Building upon the framework “water ecosystem products and services and value—vision and objectives—policy instruments—human behavior” for enhancing water ecosystem products and services value realization,pathways such as regulation, property rights trading, tax/fee levies, subsidies, market friction elimination, and public education are proposed. Key issues including multi-stakeholder participation, pricing mechanisms,scenario classification and product development, and market creation are thoroughly analyzed. These involve advocating broader cooperation and exchanges, introducing asset valuation methods, updating five principles for water ecosystem products and services development, and refining incentive-constraint mechanisms to stimulate demand Countermeasures are suggested from perspectives of improving laws/regulations, leveraging water ecosystem products and services' distribution/redistribution roles, and activating market entities while cultivating specialized industries. Medium and long-term development prospects are outlined through policy evolution and digital technology empowerment, aiming to propel the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind via water-driven momentum.