中国水利

华北地区目前仍然存在深层承压水超采问题，且深层承压水补给更新困难，含水层难以实现自然恢复，导致地下水降落漏斗长期存在，进一步引发了地面沉降、海（咸）水入侵等一系列生态损害、地质灾害，对区域生产生活和生态安全造成持续影响。针对华北地区深层地下水超采与亏空问题，提出了“点线面”结合的工作思路和“压采、补给、回灌”的系统治理修复模式，介绍了4处建成的深层水回补试验场条件及实施回补试验取得的进展，总结了依托回补试验开展的各项专题研究所取得的成果和结论，梳理了回补试点存在的试验周期短、研究不充分、水源待优化、试验场需完善等问题，并针对性提出了深化长期试验、优化回补区域与水源、加强防堵促渗技术研发、强化科技支撑、开展回补效果评估、完善科研平台建设及加大专项经费支撑力度等对策建议，以期为系统开展深层地下水回补修复、保障地下水资源可持续利用提供参考。

Overdraft of confined deep groundwater remains a serious issue in North China, where natural recovery is difficult due to limited recharge and slow renewal of deep aquifers. This has led to the long-term existence of groundwater depression cones, further triggering a series of ecological damages and geological hazards such as ground subsidence and seawater intrusion, exerting ongoing impacts on regional production, livelihoods, and ecological security. To address the groundwater depletion caused by long-term overdraft, a coordinated “point-line-area” approach and a comprehensive governance and restoration model integrating “suppression, recharge, and reinjection” have been proposed. This paper introduces the conditions and progress of recharge experiments conducted at four established pilot sites, and summarizes the findings and outcomes of a series of thematic studies carried out in conjunction with these recharge trials. Existing challenges of the pilot projects are identified, including short experimental durations,insufficient research, unoptimized water sources, and the need for improved test site conditions. In response, several targeted recommendations are proposed: extending the duration and depth of experimental studies, optimizing recharge areas and water sources, advancing research on anti-blocking and permeability-enhancement technologies,strengthening scientific and technical support, evaluating recharge effectiveness, improving research platform infrastructure, and increasing dedicated financial support, aiming to provide experiences for systematic recharge and restoration of deep groundwater and ensure sustainable utilization of groundwater resources.