中国水利

淤地坝具有显著的保土保碳、减蚀减排和增绿增汇等作用，其碳汇项目开发对促进淤地坝工程建设和运行管护、助力黄河流域生态保护与实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。生态环境部和水利部于2025年11月25日联合发布《温室气体自愿减排项目方法学淤地坝碳汇（CCER—14—005—V01）》，并自印发之日起施行，标志着淤地坝工程属于主管部门发布的碳汇项目方法学支持领域，淤地坝项目碳汇量可以纳入国家核证自愿减排量交易机制。简要阐述该方法学主要内容，包括：适用条件，项目边界、计入期、碳库和温室气体排放源，项目减排量核算方法，监测方法，项目审定与核查要点等。该方法学着重突出淤地坝碳汇作用机理的支撑性，明确淤地坝工程打捆成立碳汇项目，注重监测方法的可操作性和规范性，强调减排量核查时态与监测的一致性。为促进方法学全面落实，积极推动水土保持碳汇交易，提出应抓紧开展项目规划与设计，及时编制项目开发指导文件，严格把控项目开发、监测和核算质量，切实做好意见反馈与整理分析等措施。

Yudiba dams play a significant role in soil conservation and carbon sequestration, reducing erosion and carbon emissions, and enhancing vegetation growth and carbon sequestration capacity. The development of carbon sink projects for Yudiba dams is important for promoting their construction, operation, and maintenance, supporting ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin, and achieving China's “dual carbon” goals. On November 25, 2025, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Water Resources jointly issued the Methodology for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Projects: Carbon Sinks from Yudiba Dams(CCER-14-005-V0), which came into effect on the same date. This development signifies that Yudiba dam projects are now formally included under the carbon sink methodologies issued by the competent authorities. Consequently, the carbon sink volume of Yudiba dam projects can be included in the national Chinese Certified Emission Reduction(CCER) trading mechanism. This paper briefly elaborates on the main elements of the methodology, including applicable conditions, project boundaries, crediting periods, carbon pools, greenhouse gas emission sources, methods for accounting for project emission reductions, monitoring methods, and key points for project validation and verification. This methodology highlights the supporting role of the carbon sink mechanism associated with Yudiba dams, clarifies how Yudiba dam projects can be bundled to establish carbon sink projects, emphasizes the operability and standardization of monitoring methods, and stresses the need for consistency between the timeframes used for emission reduction verification and monitoring. To promote the full implementation of the methodology and actively advance carbon sink trading in soil and water conservation, it is essential to accelerate project planning and design, timely prepare project development guidance documents, to strictly control the quality of project development, monitoring, and accounting, and to effectively collect and analyze feedback.