中国水利

建设数字孪生流域是提升国家水安全保障能力的重要支撑。加快构建具有预报、预警、预演、预案“四预”功能的数字孪生黄河体系，是贯彻落实黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略的迫切需要，是推动新阶段黄河流域水利高质量发展、全面提升水安全保障能力的有力驱动和强力支撑。通过数字孪生黄河建设，推动黄河流域治水业务发展向数字化、网络化、智能化转变。回顾了治黄信息化建设发展历程，分析了信息化各环节之间当前存在的协同不足等问题，阐明了数字孪生黄河“全链条”建设的背景、意义和基础，基于数字孪生黄河建设需求提出信息采集、通信传输、数据管理、系统开发、运行维护“全链条”建设思路，明确了主要框架、逻辑关系及关键技术。整体框架设计划分为构建黄河数字孪生平台、完善黄河信息基础设施、构建“2+N”业务应用、完善黄河网络安全体系和保障体系，探讨了“全链条”各环节的协同目标和主要建设内容，推动打造前后衔接、左右关联、上下贯通的有机整体，阐述了初步取得的实践成果及经验，以期为数字孪生黄河及其他流域数字孪生规划和建设提供参考。

Building digital twin basins is a vital means of enhancing national water security. Accelerating the development of a digital twin Yellow River system equipped with forecasting, early warning, rehearsal, and contingency planning functions is an urgent requirement for implementing the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. It serves as a strong driver and support for advancing high-quality water conservancy development in the basin and improving water security capabilities in the new stage. By constructing the Digital Twin Yellow River, water management in the basin is being transformed toward digitalization, networking, and intelligent operations. This paper reviews the historical evolution of informatization in Yellow River governance, analyzes existing issues such as insufficient coordination among different stages of information systems, and clarifies the background, significance, and foundation of the “full-chain” construction of the Digital Twin Yellow River. Based on construction needs, a “full-chain” development concept encompassing information collection, communication transmission, data management, system development, and operation and maintenance is proposed. The core framework, logical structure, and key technologies are defined. The overall architecture includes building the digital twin platform,upgrading information infrastructure, developing “2+N” business applications, and improving network security and support systems. The paper further explores the synergy objectives and major tasks of each link in the “full chain”, aiming to create an integrated, coherent, and interconnected system. Preliminary achievements and practical experiences are presented to serve as a reference for planning and constructing digital twin systems for the Yellow River and other river basins.