中国水利

随着国家水网规划建设速度加快，从单一工程、单一流域管理走向水网统一调度实践日益迫切。加快推进国家水网调度中心、大数据中心及流域分中心建设，构建国家水网调度指挥体系，提升水网调度管理智能化水平，是《国家水网建设规划纲要》明确的重要任务。为服务支撑国家水网调度指挥体系建设，充分发挥水网调度运行整体效能，深入探讨了国家水网调度指挥体系的概念内涵和功能作用，从构建基础、建设目标、构建原则、框架结构等方面系统分析了国家水网调度指挥体系总体构架；从完善调度法规体系、构建调度标准体系、优化调度方案规则、加强调度运行保障等方面提出了国家水网调度指挥体系构建的路径方向；从多层级水网调度衔接、水源区受水区利益协调、多水源调配优先次序、多部门多目标权衡、中央地方间调度事权等方面揭示了国家水网调度指挥体系构建过程中需重点把握和处理好的五方面重要关系，以期通过构建完善的国家水网调度指挥体系提高水网运行效率和效益，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供有力的水安全保障。

With the acceleration of national water network planning and construction, the transition from single-project and single-basin management to unified water network dispatching has become increasingly urgent. Accelerating the establishment of the national water network dispatching center, big data center,and basin sub-centers, as well as constructing the national water network dispatching and command system to enhance the intelligence level of water network dispatching management, are important tasks outlined in the National Water Network Construction Plan. To support the construction of the national water network dispatching and command system and fully leverage the overall efficiency of water network dispatching and operation, this paper delves into the conceptual connotation and functional roles of the system. It systematically analyzes the overall framework from aspects such as construction foundation,construction goals, guiding principles, and structural framework. The paper proposes pathways for constructing the system, including improving the legal and regulatory framework, establishing technical standards, optimizing dispatching schemes and rules, and strengthening operational support. Furthermore,it identifies five key relationships that need to be carefully managed during the construction process:multi-level water network dispatching coordination, interest coordination between water source and receiving areas, prioritization in multi-source allocation, multi-department and multi-objective trade-offs,and the delineation of dispatching authority between central and local governments. The aim is to enhance the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the water network through a well-constructed national water network dispatching and command system, thereby providing robust water security support for the country.