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针对香港滨海高密度城市的空间特征，系统剖析全球气候变化背景下其洪涝风险的演化态势与治理挑战。极端降雨频发、致灾强度明显增强，山坡地形陡峭、易发复合灾害，是香港城市洪涝灾害的系统性特征。香港通过治理理念迭代与技术创新实践，构建形成“适应-应变-管理”的韧性防洪排涝体系：以“适应自然条件-适应人类活动-适应动态趋势”的系统性前瞻布局为核心构建空间适应能力，依托海绵设施与应急防护手段强化动态应变效能，实现水体多重价值，借助多源感知、AI模型驱动的智能监测预警及全流程协同管理，完善风险治理链条。实践证明，该体系显著提升了极端暴雨事件下的城市承灾韧性，有效降低灾害损失与系统失效风险，为粤港澳大湾区乃至全球滨海高密度城市洪涝防御贡献了“香港经验”。
Abstract：Focusing on the spatial characteristics of Hong Kong as a high-density coastal city, we systematically analyzed how flood risk has evolved under global climate change and identified the resulting governance challenges. Extreme rainfall events are becoming more frequent, elevating the intensity of the disaster occurrence. The city's steep hillside topography makes compound flooding easily appear. All these contribute to the systematic feature of the flood disasters in Hong Kong. Through iterative governance concepts and technological innovation practice, Hong Kong has established a resilient flood control and drainage system that integrates adaptation, response, and management. Spatial adaptability was achieved through systematic and forward-looking planning that explicitly accounts for natural conditions, human activities, and dynamic trends. Dynamic response was enhanced by sponge facilities and emergency protection measures that simultaneously deliver multiple water-related co-benefits. By leveraging multi-source perception, AI model-driven intelligent monitoring and early warning, as well as full-process collaborative management, the risk governance chain was improved. The practice shows that the system significantly improves urban resilience during extreme rainfall events, reduces disaster losses, and lowers the probability of system failure. The “Hong Kong experience” has contributed to the flood control efforts in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and other highdensity coastal cities worldwide.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TU992;TU998.4
引用信息:
[1]莫永昌,杨芳,李行伟.高密度城市韧性防洪排涝体系构建的香港实践[J].中国水利,2025,No.1025(23):28-35.