中国水利

针对我国大范围干旱监测预警与旱灾防御信息化建设存在的不足和问题，面向水利部旱灾防御预报、预警、预演、预案“四预”业务需求，提出了全国旱情监测预警综合平台建设方案。通过构建旱情监测数据底板，贯通雨情-水情-墒情-农情-旱情监测链，采用自主研发的考虑下垫面的旱情综合监测评估技术体系，建成全国旱情监测预警综合平台，实现了农作物、林木、牧草、重点湖泊湿地等不同对象的旱情动态监测评估，并在2022年长江流域特大干旱复盘、2023年西北夏秋连旱监测以及2024年华北黄淮夏旱监测中得以应用验证，为干旱灾害防御工作提供了有效技术支撑。为进一步提升旱灾防御的信息化、智能化与精准化水平，平台未来将针对数据、模型方法和实践应用等方面持续完善，拓展“四预”全过程业务体系，为粮食安全、供水安全及生态安全提供更有力保障。

To address the shortcomings and challenges in the informatization construction of large-scale drought monitoring, early warning and disaster prevention in China, this study proposes the construction scheme for the National Drought Monitoring and Warning Comprehensive Platform faced with the “Four-Pre”(forecast,warning, rehearsal and planning) requirements for drought prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources. The National Drought Monitoring and Warning Comprehensive Platform was established through a unified drought monitoring data foundation integrating precipitation, hydrological conditions, soil moisture, agricultural and drought information, and a self-developed comprehensive monitoring and evaluation technology system that considers underlying surface characteristics to realize dynamic drought assessment of various targets including cropland, forest, pasture, and key lake/wetlands. The platform was successfully applied in the 2022 extreme drought review in the Yangtze River Basin, the 2023 consecutive summer-autumn drought monitoring in northwest China, and the 2024 summer drought monitoring in the Huang-Huai regions in north China, and demonstrated the effective technical support for drought disaster prevention. To further enhance the informatization, intelligence and precision of drought prevention, future improvements will be needed in terms of data, modelling and practical application, as well as application expansion by establishing a complete “forecast-warning-rehearsal-planning” operational system. These enhancements could better safeguard food security, water supply security and ecological security.