中国水利

小水电作为清洁能源在推动农村发展与减排中作用显著，但小水电开发所带来的生态影响与碳达峰、碳中和“双碳”目标下的生态治理需求存在一定矛盾。广东作为全国小水电数量最多的省份，在落实生态流量过程中，针对因电站业主主动泄放积极性不高带来的监测设备不稳定、泄放达标率低及数据准确性不高等难题，率先构建了“电价-生态流量”动态联动机制，创新出台了小水电差别化上网电价政策。该政策将小水电上网电价与生态流量泄放达标率进行关联，以市场化手段激励小水电站主动泄放生态流量。在分析该政策实施可能带来的影响及面临的问题基础上，提出了构建全链条监管体系、创新技术协同模式、健全动态评估机制的思路与对策，以确保该电价政策的顺利推行。相关内容可为小水电绿色转型提供市场化治理参考范本，对完善生态补偿政策具有重要参考价值。

As a clean energy source, small hydropower plays a signifcant role in promoting rural development and carbon emission reduction. However, ecological issues arising from its development pose challenges to ecological governance under the dual-carbon goals. Guangdong Province, one of the largest number of small hydropower stations in China, has pioneered a dynamic linkage mechanism between electricity pricing and ecological flow management. This innovative approach addresses key challenges in ecological flow implementation, including unstable monitoring equipment, low compliance rates, and data inaccuracy caused by insufficient initiative from plant operators in water discharge. The province has introduced a differentiated feed in tariff policy that ties electricity prices to ecological flow compliance rates, using marketbased incentives to encourage proactive water discharge. On the basis of analyzing potential impacts and implementation challenges of the policy, proposing a three-pronged strategy: establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework, developing collaborative technological solutions, and improving dynamic evaluation mechanisms. The study provides a market-oriented governance model for green transition of small hydropower,offering valuable insights for refning ecological compensation policies.