中国水利

党的二十届三中全会明确提出推进水利等行业自然垄断环节独立运营和竞争性环节市场化改革。推进水利行业自然垄断环节独立运营和竞争性环节市场化改革，是提升行业资源配置效率和促进公平竞争、激发市场活力的关键举措。从水利行业产业链视角，研究明确了自然垄断环节和竞争性环节的判定基准，根据各自特点，从上游、中游、下游三个产业环节明晰了自然垄断环节和竞争性环节的范围，指出：上游产业链总体上呈现竞争性属性，中游总体上倾向于自然垄断，下游总体上为自然垄断和竞争性并存。针对性提出遵循“放开两端、管住中间，库网分开、网输统一”的总体思路推进自然垄断和竞争性环节改革，并对上游、中游、下游产业环节进行了对策展望，以期推进水利行业进一步全面深化改革、更好发挥市场机制作用。

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed to promote market-oriented reform regarding independent operation of natural monopoly and competitiveness of the water conservancy and other industries, which shall be a key measure to improve efficiency of resource allocation, fair competition and stimulate market vitality. Focusing on industrial chain of the water conservancy, the criteria for assessing natural monopoly and competitiveness are examined. Based on their respective characteristics, the scope of natural monopoly and competitiveness are clarified from three industrial links of upstream, midstream, and downstream. The study indicates that generally speaking, the upstream industrial chain presents competitive attributes, while the midstream is featured as natural monopoly, and the downstream coexists with natural monopoly and competition. It is proposed to facilitate reform by “introducing competition to upstrem and downstream industries, stricting regulation of the middle, separating rservoir management from electric network, and integrating network and transmission”. Measures are raised in order to further deepen the reform of the water sector and better play the role of market mechanism.