中国水利

珠江河口是世界上最复杂的河口之一，从20世纪80年代就开始开发治理，河道采砂、滩涂围垦、水库建设等一系列活动在取得一定经济效益的同时，也给河口的自然演变带来影响。通过对21世纪以来珠江河口水沙情势及滩涂变化情况进行系统梳理，阐明了当前河口来沙骤减、河口湾滩槽失稳、滩涂生境破碎的形势，从而进一步指出珠江河口滩涂存在生态损害、生物多样性脆弱、盐水入侵加剧、生物生境变化等生境修复问题，提出通过加强珠江河口岸线滩涂保育、推进硬质化海堤生态改造、促进河口湿地生态系统恢复、加快磨刀门拦门沙生态修复、维持伶仃洋中滩稳定的自适应修复等措施，加快河口受损滩涂生态修复，构建更有利于河口生物的生境。

The Pearl River Estuary, recognized as one of the most complex estuarine systems globally,has undergone extensive development and management since the 1980s. Activities such as channel sand mining, mudflat reclamation, and reservoir construction have yielded economic benefits but have also significantly influenced the estuary's natural evolution. A systematic review of water and sediment dynamics and mudflat changes since the 21st century reveals a sharp decline in sediment inflow, instability in bay shoals and troughs, and fragmentation of mudflat habitats. These conditions have led to ecological degradation, weakened biodiversity, intensified saltwater intrusion, and alterations in biological habitats.To address these challenges, measures are proposed to accelerate the ecological restoration of damaged mudflats, including strengthening shoreline and mudflat conservation, promoting ecological transformation of hardened seawalls, restoring estuarine wetland ecosystems, expediting the ecological rehabilitation of the Modaomen mouth bar, and maintaining the stability of the Lingdingyang middle shoal through adaptive restoration.