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黄河流域约有3100座中小型水库，62%的水库位于黄土高原，淤积较为严重。泥沙淤积已经成为影响黄河流域中小型水库功能正常发挥的制约因素。黄河流域中小型水库淤积物组成复杂多元，包含泥沙、树枝水草等柔性物质及有机质等。为减少淤积，常采用人工方式进行清淤，一般包括清淤流化相变和管道输送两个关键环节。针对黄河流域中小型水库淤积物清淤相变与管道输送能耗机制，学者们长期以来开展了大量研究并取得相关成果，但支撑新形势下黄河流域中小型水库高效环保清淤的研究仍显不足。梳理了黄河流域中小型水库淤积物组成、淤积物流化相变机理、管道输沙机制、人工清淤效率提升工艺等国内外研究进展，提出了中小型水库淤积物特性及淤损机制、射流绞刀等多维扰动作用下淤积物流化相变机理、扰动造浆与管道吸排匹配关系、多元淤积物管道输移与能耗机制、智能化高效清淤技术是未来研究重点，以期为新形势新要求下黄河流域中小型水库淤积治理提供科技支撑。
Abstract：There are about 3100 small and medium-sized reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin, 62% of which are located on the Loess Plateau, where sedimentation is relatively serious. Sedimentation has become a restrictive factor affecting the normal functioning of small and medium-sized reservoirs in the basin. The composition of fluvial deposit has a complex and diverse feature, including sand, flexible materials such as branches and water plants and organic matter. To reduce siltation, dredging is often conducted by manual methods, which generally includes two key steps of fluidization phase change and pipeline transportation.Scholars have conducted a lot of studies on the mechanism of sedimentation phase change and pipeline transportation energy consumption of these small and medium-sized reservoirs. However, we lack of research on reducing sedimentation by highly-efficient and environment-friendly ways under the new situation. Makes an introduction on domestic and international research progress in sediment composition, fluidization-phase transformation mechanisms, pipeline sediment transport dynamics of small and medium-sized reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin and dredging efficiency optimization technologies. The study identifies critical future research priorities including prototype sediment characteristics and siltation mechanisms in reservoir systems, fluidization phase transformation mechanisms of sediments under the forces of jet-flow and reamer,compatibility relationships between the forces of jet-flow and reamer and the suction slurry flow rate in the pipeline, energy consumption mechanisms in diverse sediment pipeline transport and intelligent dredging technology of high efficiency, which may provide scientific and technological support for sediment regulation of small and medium-sized reservoirs in the basin under the new situation and requirements.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:TV697.31;TV145
引用信息:
[1]来志强,陈林,赵连军等.黄河流域中小型水库淤积物清淤相变与管道输沙研究进展[J].中国水利,2025,No.1012(10):20-28.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3206203）; 国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金（U2443215）; 国家自然科学基金面上项目（52379066）; 北京江河水利发展基金会水利人才发展资助项目（JHYC202306）; 河南省优秀青年科学基金项目（232300421065）