中国水利

我国较多水库坝脚处存在鱼塘，对大坝渗流与结构稳定造成不利影响，影响大坝安全运行。在分析坝脚鱼塘对大坝安全影响机理基础上，选取鱼塘距离、深度、宽度、水位为主要影响因子，以江苏省常州市茅东水库为例，制定不同计算方案，采用有限元法计算塘基最大渗透比降、单宽渗漏量、下游坝坡抗滑稳定安全系数并进行比较分析。分析结果表明，相对于结构安全，坝脚鱼塘对大坝渗流安全影响较大，其中影响最大因子为鱼塘水位，其次为鱼塘距离和深度，鱼塘宽度影响最小；鱼塘水位越低、距离越近、深度越大、宽度越小，对大坝渗流安全越不利。建议水库安全鉴定时专题论证坝脚鱼塘对大坝安全的影响，根据论证结果选择合理处置措施，并加强鱼塘影响监测，科学处置坝脚鱼塘安全隐患。

In China, numerous reservoirs have fishponds at their dam toes, which adversely impact dam seepage and structural stability, posing risks to the safe operation of dams. This study analyzes the mechanisms by which fishponds at the dam toe affect dam safety, focusing on key factors such as fishpond distance, depth,width, and water level. Using the Maodong Reservoir in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, as a case study,various calculation schemes are formulated. The finite element method is employed to calculate and compare the maximum seepage gradient of the pond base, single-width leakage, and the anti-sliding stability safety factor of the downstream dam slope. The results indicate that fishponds at the dam toe have a more pronounced effect on dam seepage safety compared to structural safety. Among the influencing factors, the fishpond water level has the greatest impact, followed by distance and depth, while width has the least impact. Lower water levels, closer distances, greater depths, and narrower widths are more detrimental to dam seepage safety. It is recommended that reservoir safety assessments include specialized studies on the impact of fishponds at the dam toe on dam safety. Based on the findings, appropriate measures should be implemented, and monitoring of fishpond impacts should be enhanced to scientifically address potential safety hazards associated with dam toe fishponds.